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c#导入导出数据库文件怎么打开

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行业动态
2025-02-02
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C#导入导出数据库文件打开方法：该语言可通过多种方式实现，如使用 SqlConnection连接数据库后执行相应SQL语句进行导入导出操作；也可借助第三方库如 Dapper等简化流程并提高效率。

在C#中，导入和导出数据库文件是常见的操作，通常涉及与数据库的连接、读取数据以及将数据写入文件等步骤，以下是关于如何在C#中进行这些操作的详细指南：

一、导入数据库文件

1、选择数据库类型

SQL Server：使用System.Data.SqlClient 命名空间下的SqlConnection 类连接到 SQL Server 数据库。

 using System.Data.SqlClient;
     string connectionString = "Server=myServerAddress;Database=myDataBase;User Id=myUsername;Password=myPassword;";
     using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
     {
         connection.Open();
         // 后续操作...
     }

MySQL：若使用 MySQL 数据库，则需引用MySql.Data.dll 程序集，并使用MySqlConnection 类。

 using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
     string connectionString = "Server=myServerAddress;Database=myDataBase;User Id=myUsername;Password=myPassword;";
     using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
     {
         connection.Open();
         // 后续操作...
     }

SQLite：对于 SQLite 数据库，使用System.Data.SQLite 命名空间下的SQLiteConnection 类。

c#导入导出数据库文件怎么打开

 using System.Data.SQLite;
     string connectionString = "Data Source=myDatabase.db;Version=3;";
     using (SQLiteConnection connection = new SQLiteConnection(connectionString))
     {
         connection.Open();
         // 后续操作...
     }

2、读取数据库文件

从文件中读取数据库脚本并执行：如果有一个包含 SQL 语句的脚本文件（如.sql 文件），可以先读取文件内容，然后通过SqlCommand 或相应数据库的命令对象执行这些语句，以 SQL Server 为例：

 using System.Data.SqlClient;
     using System.IO;
     string connectionString = "Server=myServerAddress;Database=myDataBase;User Id=myUsername;Password=myPassword;";
     string scriptFilePath = "path\to\your\script.sql";
     string scriptContent = File.ReadAllText(scriptFilePath);
     using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
     {
         connection.Open();
         using (SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(scriptContent, connection))
         {
             command.ExecuteNonQuery();
         }
     }

直接附加数据库文件：在某些情况下，可能需要将一个数据库文件（如.mdf 文件）附加到现有的 SQL Server 实例中，这可以通过执行sp_attach_db 存储过程实现，但要注意这种方式在 SQL Server 2005 之后的版本中已被弃用，可使用CREATE DATABASE 命令结合FOR ATTACH 子句来实现。

c#导入导出数据库文件怎么打开

 using System.Data.SqlClient;
       string connectionString = "Server=myServerAddress;Database=master;User Id=myUsername;Password=myPassword;";
       string attachDbCommandText = "CREATE DATABASE [NewDatabaseName] ON (FILENAME = N'path\to\your\database.mdf'), (FILENAME = N'path\to\your\log.ldf') FOR ATTACH;";
       using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
       {
           connection.Open();
           using (SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(attachDbCommandText, connection))
           {
               command.ExecuteNonQuery();
           }
       }

二、导出数据库文件

1、备份数据库

SQL Server：可以使用BACKUP 命令备份数据库为.bak 文件。

 using System.Data.SqlClient;
     string connectionString = "Server=myServerAddress;Database=myDataBase;User Id=myUsername;Password=myPassword;";
     string backupCommandText = "BACKUP DATABASE myDataBase TO DISK = 'path\to\backup\myDatabase.bak'";
     using (SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
     {
         connection.Open();
         using (SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(backupCommandText, connection))
         {
             command.ExecuteNonQuery();
         }
     }

MySQL：在 MySQL 中，可以使用mysqldump 工具来备份数据库，在 C# 中，可以通过调用系统进程的方式来执行mysqldump 命令。

c#导入导出数据库文件怎么打开

 using System.Diagnostics;
     string databaseName = "myDataBase";
     string userName = "myUsername";
     string password = "myPassword";
     string host = "localhost";
     string backupFilePath = "path\to\backup\myDatabase.sql";
     string commandText = $"mysqldump -u {userName} -p{password} -h {host} {databaseName} > {backupFilePath}";
     ProcessStartInfo processStartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("cmd", $"/c {commandText}")
     {
         UseShellExecute = false,
         RedirectStandardOutput = true,
         RedirectStandardError = true,
         CreateNoWindow = true,
         WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden
     };
     using (Process process = Process.Start(processStartInfo))
     {
         if (process != null)
         {
             process.WaitForExit();
         }
     }

SQLite：SQLite 数据库可以通过复制.db 文件来进行备份，在 C# 中，可以使用File.Copy 方法。

 using System.IO;
     string sourceDbFilePath = "path\to\source\database.db";
     string destinationDbFilePath = "path\to\backup\database.db";
     File.Copy(sourceDbFilePath, destinationDbFilePath, true);

2、生成数据库脚本

SQL Server：可以使用ScriptingOptions 和Transfer 类生成数据库的创建脚本或其他对象的脚本，生成整个数据库的脚本：

 using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Common;
     using Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo;
     using System.Data.SqlClient;
     using System.IO;
     string connectionString = "Server=myServerAddress;Database=myDataBase;User Id=myUsername;Password=myPassword;";
     string scriptFilePath = "path\to\your\script.sql";
     Server server = new Server(new ServerConnection(new SqlConnection(connectionString)));
     server.SetDefaultInitFields(System.Reflection.Missing.Value, System.Reflection.Missing.Value, System.Reflection.Missing.Value);
     ScriptingOptions scriptingOptions = new ScriptingOptions();
     Transfer transfer = new Transfer(server);
     transfer.ScriptTransfer += new ScriptTransferEventHandler(this.OnScriptTransfer);
     transfer.ScriptDatabases = true;
     transfer.Options = scriptingOptions;
     transfer.ScriptDataCompression = true;
     transfer.ScriptDrops = true;
     transfer.ScriptFullTextIndexes = true;
     transfer.ScriptHostName = true;
     transfer.ScriptLogins = true;
     transfer.ScriptPermissions = true;
     transfer.ScriptStatistics = true;
     transfer.ScriptUseDatabaseRoleSwitches = true;
     transfer.ScriptViewsAndDDLTriggersAsCreateStatements = true;
     transfer.ScriptIndexes = true;
     transfer.ScriptSchemas = true;
     transfer.ScriptObjectLevelPermissions = true;
     transfer.ScriptSecurityPrincipals = true;
     transfer.ScriptServiceBroker = true;
     transfer.ScriptSnapshots = true;
     transfer.ScriptTransactionalComponents = true;
     transfer.ScriptUserDefinedTypesAndAssembleiesAsCreateStatements = true;
     transfer.PreserveDocumentationComments = true;
     transfer.AnsiFile = AnsiFileType.AnsiCharSet;
     transfer.BatchSeparator = "GO";
     transfer.CreateDirectoryScriptingOptions = DirectoryScriptingOptions.CreateDirectoryStructureAlways;
     transfer.Default = CodeGenerationOptions.Default;
     transfer.DefaultDataCompression = true;
     transfer.DefaultCollectionPrefixes = "dbo";
     transfer.DefaultCodePage = CodePageType.AnsiNullWithNowaitOption;
     transfer.DefaultDataCompressionName = "NONE";
     transfer.DefaultFullTextFormat = FullTextFormatType.LegacyKeywordBased;
     transfer.DefaultFullTextLanguageId = 1033;
     transfer.DefaultFullTextCatalog = "FULLTEXT_VERBICITAS";
     transfer.DefaultFullTextStopList = FullTextStopListType.SystemStopList;
     transfer.DefaultFullTextUniqueKeyIndex = 1039;
     transfer.DefaultFullTextWeightPrefix = FullTextPrefixType.Tag;
     transfer.DefaultPartitionOption = PartitionOptionType.None;
     transfer.DefaultPermissionClass = PermissionClassType.Public;
     transfer.DelayedSigningColumnEncryptionKey = false;
     transfer.DefaultSchemaPrefixes = "dbo";
     transfer.DefaultSchemaQualifierPrefixes = "dbo";
     transfer.DefaultSemicolonAtEndOfBatch = true;
     transfer.DefaultStatisticsColumnPrefixes = "_WA_SHRSTAT_COLUMN_";
     transfer.DefaultStatisticsNoRecompute = DefaultStatisticsRecomputeOption.Off;
     transfer.DefaultStatisticsNoTrim = DefaultStatisticsTrimOption.On;
     transfer.DefaultTablePrefixes = "dbo";
     transfer.DefaultTextSizeLimit = 65536;
     transfer.DefaultXmlFormatTargetFolderPath = null;
     transfer.DelimiterBetweenStatementsToAllowInlineExecutionOfStoredProcedures = false;
     transfer.EnableExceptionWarningsInScriptsGeneratedByUnsafeTSqlConversionToPlPlProcedures = true;
     transfer.EncodingWithoutHeaderForCSVResults = EncodingWithoutHeaderForCSVResultsType.NonSpecified;
     transfer.FixedLengthClrTypeForXmlHierarchyContent = FixedLengthClrTypeForXmlHierarchyContentType.Default;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatements = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForLogins = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForLoginsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForPermissions = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForPermissionsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForStatistics = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForStatisticsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForUsersAndRoles = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForUsersAndRolesType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForViewsAndDDLTriggersAsCreateStatements = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForViewsAndDDLTriggersAsCreateStatementsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForExtendedProperties = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForExtendedPropertiesType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForFullTextIndexes = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForFullTextIndexesType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForIndexes = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForIndexsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForPartitionFunctionsAndPartitionSchemes = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForPartitionFunctionsAndPartitionSchemesType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForPrimaryKeyConstraints = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForPrimaryKeyConstraintsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForScalarUdtColumnsAsCreateStatements = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForScalarUdtColumnsAsCreateStatementsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForServiceBrokerQueues = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForServiceBrokerQueuesType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForServiceBrokerResources = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForServiceBrokerResourcesType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForServiceBrokerConversations = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForServiceBrokerConversationsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForServiceBrokerContracts = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForServiceBrokerContractsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForServiceBrokerRemoteServiceBindings = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForServiceBrokerRemoteServiceBindingsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForSynonyms = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForSynonymsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForTableCompressionSetting = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForTableCompressionSettingType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForTableOptions = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForTableOptionsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForTriggerEvents = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForTriggerEventsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForTriggersAsCreateStatements = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForTriggersAsCreateStatementsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForTrustworthyClrRoutes = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForTrustworthyClrRoutesType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForUserDefinedAggregatesAsCreateStatements = IncludeIfNotExistsInThisEventHandlerForUserDefinedAggregatesAsCreateStatementsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForUserDefinedDataTypesAsCreateStatements = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForUserDefinedDataTypesAsCreateStatementsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForUserDefinedTableTypesAsCreateStatements = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForUserDefinedTableTypesAsCreateStatementsType.False;
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateStatements = IncludeIfNotExistsInDropButtonClickEventHandlerForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateStatementsType[0];
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateStatementsType[0].Add("UserDefinedType1");
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInDropStatementsForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateUsernameAndPasswordType[0].Add("#myUsername");
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistusInDropStatementsForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateUsernameAndPasswordType[0].Add(System.Reflection.Missing.Value);
     transfer.IncludeIfNotOptionsInDropStatementsForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateUsernameAndPasswordType[0].Add(System.ReferenceEquals(true));
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInOpenGraphicalPlanForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateUsernameAndPasswordType[0].Add(System.ReferenceEquals.True);
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInOpenGraphicalPlanForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateUsername[0].Add(System.ReferenceEquals[CreateGraphicalPlanForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateUsername]);
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInOpenGraphicalPlanForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateUsernameAndPassword[0].Add(RemoveGraphicalPlanForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateUsernameAndPassword);
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInOpenGraphicalPlanForUserDefinedTypeAsCreateUsernameAndPassword[0].Add(ReadOnlyGraphicalPlanForUserThemeAndColorType[0].Default);
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInReadOnlyGraphicalPlanForUserThemeAndColor[0].Add(String.Empty);
     transfer.IncludeIfNotExistsInOpenGraphicalPlanForUserThemeAndColor[0].Add(String.Empty);
     importing a .NET Framework library that is not in the GAC, you can use the AssemblyResolve event of the AppDomain class to load the assembly and make it available for your application at runtime: ``csharp using System; using System.Reflection; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; using System.Threading; using System.Globalization; using System.ComponentModel; using System.IO; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; using System.Security; using System.Security.Cryptography; using System.Security.Permissions; using System.Security.Principal; using System.Security.Cryptograpy; using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates; using System.Security.Cryptograpy.Pkcs; using System.Security.Cryptograpy.X509Certificates.CreateFromCertFile;``

C 导入导出数据库文件