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c 如何创建http服务器

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行业动态
2025-02-15
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在C语言中，可以使用socket编程来创建HTTP服务器。

在C语言中创建HTTP服务器涉及多个步骤，包括设置套接字、绑定端口、监听连接、接受请求和发送响应等，以下是详细的步骤和示例代码：

引入必要的头文件

需要包含一些标准库和网络编程相关的头文件：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

创建套接字

使用socket() 函数创建一个套接字，并指定协议类型为TCP（SOCK_STREAM）：

int create_socket(uint16_t port) {
    int server_fd;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        perror("socket failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(port);
    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
        perror("bind failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
        perror("listen");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    return server_fd;
}

接受客户端连接

使用accept() 函数接受客户端的连接请求：

c 如何创建http服务器

void accept_connections(int server_fd) {
    int new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    while (1) {
        if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
            perror("accept");
            continue;
        }
        char buffer[1024] = {0};
        int valread = read(new_socket, buffer, 1024);
        printf("%s
", buffer);
        char *response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 12
Hello World!";
        send(new_socket, response, strlen(response), 0);
        close(new_socket);
    }
}

主函数

将上述函数整合到主函数中，启动HTTP服务器：

int main() {
    int server_fd = create_socket(8080);
    accept_connections(server_fd);
    return 0;
}

编译和运行

使用以下命令编译和运行服务器：

gcc -o http_server http_server.c
./http_server

测试服务器

打开浏览器，访问http://localhost:8080，应该会看到 "Hello World!" 的响应。

c 如何创建http服务器

完整代码示例

以下是完整的代码示例：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int create_socket(uint16_t port) {
    int server_fd;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        perror("socket failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(port);
    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
        perror("bind failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
        perror("listen");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    return server_fd;
}
void accept_connections(int server_fd) {
    int new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    while (1) {
        if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
            perror("accept");
            continue;
        }
        char buffer[1024] = {0};
        int valread = read(new_socket, buffer, 1024);
        printf("%s
", buffer);
        char *response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 12
Hello World!";
        send(new_socket, response, strlen(response), 0);
        close(new_socket);
    }
}
int main() {
    int server_fd = create_socket(8080);
    accept_connections(server_fd);
    return 0;
}