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安卓开发蓝牙传数据如何监听

admin
行业动态
2025-04-21
2

权限配置与动态申请

AndroidManifest.xml配置

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
<!-Android 12+需要定位权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />

动态申请权限（Android 6.0+）

// 检查并请求权限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, REQUEST_CODE_LOCATION);
}

蓝牙适配器初始化与状态监听

BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {
    // 设备不支持蓝牙
    Toast.makeText(context, "设备不支持蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    return;
}
// 注册蓝牙状态广播接收器
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
registerReceiver(bluetoothStateReceiver, filter);
// 状态监听回调
private final BroadcastReceiver bluetoothStateReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        final String action = intent.getAction();
        if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {
            final int state = intent.getIntExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_STATE, BluetoothAdapter.ERROR);
            switch (state) {
                case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:
                    // 蓝牙已开启
                    break;
                case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:
                    // 蓝牙已关闭
                    break;
            }
        }
    }
};

建立蓝牙连接与数据传输

获取已配对设备

Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
    // 过滤目标设备（通过MAC地址或名称）
    if (device.getName().equals("目标设备名称")) {
        // 建立连接
        connectToDevice(device);
    }
}

创建蓝牙Socket连接

private void connectToDevice(BluetoothDevice device) {
    new Thread(() -> {
        try {
            // 创建RFCOMM协议Socket（经典蓝牙）
            BluetoothSocket socket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
            socket.connect(); // 阻塞式连接
            // 连接成功后处理输入输出流
            manageConnectedSocket(socket);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            // 处理连接失败（重试或提示）
        }
    }).start();
}
// UUID需与对方设备一致（自定义服务）
private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB");

数据监听与收发实现

发送数据

private BluetoothSocket socket;
private OutputStream outputStream;
private void sendData(byte[] data) {
    if (socket != null && socket.isConnected()) {
        try {
            outputStream.write(data); // 发送字节流
            outputStream.flush();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            // 处理发送失败（如断线重连）
        }
    }
}

接收数据（需在子线程执行）

private InputStream inputStream;
private void manageConnectedSocket(BluetoothSocket socket) {
    this.socket = socket;
    try {
        inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
        // 持续监听数据
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            // 处理接收到的数据（注意粘包问题）
            String received = new String(buffer, 0, len);
            handleReceivedData(received);
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        // 处理断线逻辑
    } finally {
        closeConnection();
    }
}

断开连接与资源释放

private void closeConnection() {
    try {
        if (socket != null) {
            socket.close(); // 关闭Socket
            socket = null;
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

BLE（低功耗蓝牙）扩展说明

经典蓝牙	BLE（Android 5.0+）
使用`BluetoothSocket`	使用`BluetoothGatt`
适合持续数据传输	适合间歇性小数据通信
需配对（可选）	无需配对，直接扫描连接
高功耗	低功耗

BLE数据监听示例

// 扫描BLE设备并连接
bluetoothLeScanner.startScan(scanCallback);
private final ScanCallback scanCallback = new ScanCallback() {
    @Override
    public void onScanResult(ScanResult result) {
        // 匹配目标设备并连接
        if (result.getDevice().getName().equals("BLE设备")) {
            bluetoothLeScanner.stopScan(scanCallback); // 停止扫描
            connectGatt(result.getDevice(), false, gattCallback); // 自动连接
        }
    }
};
// GATT回调处理特征值读写
private final BluetoothGattCallback gattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
    @Override
    public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
        if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
            gatt.discoverServices(); // 发现服务
        } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
            // 处理断线
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
        // 处理读取结果
    }
    @Override
    public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        // 处理异步通知（监听数据）
        String data = new String(characteristic.getValue());
        handleReceivedData(data); // 自定义数据处理方法
    }
};