如何高效配置Nginx以优化服务器性能？

Nginx 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，用于处理客户端请求并返回响应。它支持负载均衡、缓存、访问控制等功能，广泛应用于网站托管和流量管理。

Nginx 配置详解

Nginx 是一款开源、高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，具有负载均衡、静态资源服务以及反向代理等功能，它以高并发、高性能和低内存消耗著称，并且支持热部署，几乎可以做到不间断运行，以下是关于 Nginx 的一些基本配置示例。

一、基础配置

1、全局配置

   user  nginx;
   worker_processes  auto;
   error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;
   pid        /run/nginx.pid;

2、events 块

   events {
       worker_connections  1024;
   }

3、http 块

   http {
       log_format  main  '$remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
       access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
       sendfile            on;
       tcp_nopush          on;
       tcp_nodelay         on;
       keepalive_timeout   65;
       types_hash_max_size 4096;
       include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
       default_type        application/octet-stream;
       # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
       include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
       server {
           listen       80;
           server_name  localhost;
           location / {
               root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
               index  index.html index.htm;
           }
       }
   }

二、常见模块配置

1、反向代理

   server {
       listen       80;
       server_name  alex.com;
       location / {
           proxy_pass http://backend-server;
           proxy_set_header Host $host;
           proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
           proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
           proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
       }
   }

2、负载均衡

   upstream backend {
       server backend1.example.com weight=3;
       server backend2.example.com;
       server backend3.example.com;
   }
   server {
       listen       80;
       server_name  example.com;
       location / {
           proxy_pass http://backend;
           proxy_set_header Host $host;
           proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
           proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
           proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
       }
   }

3、SSL 配置

   server {
       listen 443 ssl;
       server_name example.com;
       ssl_certificate /path/to/your/certificate.crt;
       ssl_certificate_key /path/to/your/private-key.key;
       ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
       ssl_session_timeout 10m;
       ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
       ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
       ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
       location / {
           root /var/www/html;
           index index.html index.htm;
       }
   }

4、静态资源服务

   server {
       listen       80;
       server_name  static.example.com;
       location /static/ {
           alias /var/www/static/;
           access_log off;
           expires max;
           add_header Cache-Control public;
       }
   }

5、防盗链配置

   location ~* .(gif|jpg|png)$ {
       valid_referers none blocked www.example.com;
       if ($invalid_referer) {
           return 403;
       }
   }

三、高级配置与优化

1、压缩传输

   gzip on;
   gzip_comp_level 4;
   gzip_min_length 1000;
   gzip_proxied any;
   gzip_types text/plain application/xml text/css application/javascript;

2、限制请求速率

   limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r/s;
   server {
       location /search/ {
           limit_req zone=one burst=5;
       }
   }

3、缓存控制

   location ~* .(css|js|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico)$ {
       expires 15d;
       access_log off;
   }

通过以上配置，可以实现 Nginx 的基本功能和一些常见的应用场景，根据实际需求，可以进一步调整和优化配置以达到最佳效果。

小伙伴们，上文介绍了“nginx配置”的内容，你了解清楚吗？希望对你有所帮助，任何问题可以给我留言，让我们下期再见吧。