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如何在CentOS系统中锁定软件版本阻止升级

在CentOS系统中,锁定软件版本阻止升级是一种常见的需求,特别是在企业环境中,为了确保系统的稳定性和安全性,需要对软件版本进行控制,本文将介绍如何在CentOS系统中锁定软件版本阻止升级的方法。

1、使用yum-plugin-versionlock插件

yum-plugin-versionlock是一个用于锁定RPM包版本的插件,可以阻止RPM包的自动升级,需要安装yum-utils工具集:

sudo yum install yum-utils

启用yum-plugin-versionlock插件:

sudo yum config-manager --set-enabled powertools

接下来,可以使用以下命令锁定指定软件的版本:

sudo yum versionlock <package_name>

要锁定httpd软件的版本为2.4.6,可以执行以下命令:

sudo yum versionlock httpd-2.4.6

2、修改yum源配置文件

另一种方法是修改yum源配置文件,将软件仓库中的软件版本锁定在一个特定的版本,找到对应的yum源配置文件,通常位于/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下,以httpd为例,找到httpd.repo文件:

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
ls | grep httpd

编辑httpd.repo文件,找到<release>标签,将其值设置为所需的版本号,要将版本锁定在2.4.6,可以将其修改为:

<release>2.4.6</release>

保存并退出编辑器,现在,当运行yum update或yum upgrade命令时,系统将不会尝试升级到其他版本。

3、使用RPM包管理器锁定版本

除了使用yum-plugin-versionlock插件和修改yum源配置文件外,还可以直接使用RPM包管理器来锁定软件版本,找到要锁定的软件的RPM包文件,通常位于/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/目录下,以httpd为例,找到httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm文件:

cd /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/
ls | grep httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

接下来,使用以下命令安装该RPM包:

sudo rpm -ivh httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force --nopre

这将安装指定的软件版本,并将其锁定在系统中,请注意,这种方法可能会导致依赖问题,因为锁定的版本可能与系统中的其他软件不兼容,在使用此方法之前,请确保已经了解潜在的风险。

4、使用chroot环境锁定版本

如果需要在隔离的环境中运行特定版本的软件,可以使用chroot环境来实现,创建一个新的基本环境:

mkdir /mnt/chroot_env
sudo chroot /mnt/chroot_env /bin/bash

挂载所需的文件系统和设备:

mount -t proc none /proc -o nosuid,noexec,nodev,relatime,gid=5,mode=0755   挂载/proc文件系统
mount -t sysfs none /sys -o nosuid,noexec,nodev,relatime,gid=5,mode=0755   挂载/sys文件系统
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/chroot_env/dev                                      挂载/dev设备文件系统
mount -o bind /dev/pts /mnt/chroot_env/dev/pts                              挂载/dev/pts设备文件系统
mount -o bind /run /mnt/chroot_env/run                                      挂载/run目录文件系统
mount -o bind /usr /mnt/chroot_env/usr                                      挂载/usr目录文件系统

接下来,安装所需的软件版本:

yum install httpd-2.4.6-45.el7.centos.x86_64 --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="epel" --installroot=/mnt/chroot_env --releasever=7 --assumeyes --gpgcheck=0 --exclude=kernel* --exclude=redhat* --exclude=centos* --exclude=updates* --exclude=extras* --exclude=fasttrack* --exclude=centosplus* --exclude=epel* --exclude=powertools* --exclude=rhn* --exclude=rhel-server* --exclude=rhel-ha* --exclude=rhel-client* --exclude=rhel-common* --exclude=rhel-ansible* --exclude=rhel-atomic* --exclude=rhel-developer* --exclude=rhel-fast* --exclude=rhel-beta* --exclude=rhel-corona* --exclude=rhel-testing* --exclude=rhel-trunk* --disableexcludes=all -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/httpd_installer -vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeefffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodoodpppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssstttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu uiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
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