ubuntu所有命令

Ubuntu命令集合简介

Ubuntu是一个基于Debian的Linux发行版，它以其易用性、稳定性和安全性而受到广泛关注，在Ubuntu系统中，有许多命令可以帮助我们完成各种任务，如文件管理、系统监控、软件安装等，本文将对Ubuntu命令集合进行详细的介绍，并通过实例分析来帮助大家更好地理解这些命令的用法。

常用命令集合

1、文件操作命令

(1)ls:列出目录中的文件和子目录

示例：列出当前目录下的文件和子目录

ls

(2)cd:切换目录

示例：切换到/home/user目录

cd /home/user

(3)mkdir:创建目录

示例：创建一个名为test的目录

mkdir test

(4)rmdir:删除空目录

示例：删除test目录

rmdir test

(5)rm:删除文件或目录

示例：删除一个名为file.txt的文件

rm file.txt

2、系统管理命令

(1)ps:查看进程状态

示例：查看所有进程的状态

ps aux

(2)top:实时查看系统进程状态

示例：实时查看系统进程状态，按CPU使用率排序

top -o %CPU | sort -nrk 9

(3)kill:终止进程

示例：终止进程ID为1234的进程

kill 1234

(4)df:查看磁盘空间使用情况

示例：查看根分区的使用情况

df -h /root

(5)du:查看目录空间使用情况

示例：查看/home/user目录的空间使用情况

du -sh /home/user/*

实例分析与实践技巧

1、在终端中输入命令后，按下回车键执行命令，如果需要取消上一次的命令，可以按下Ctrl+C组合键，在某些情况下，我们可能需要在后台运行命令，这时可以使用&符号将命令放入后台执行，我们可以在后台运行一个名为my_script.sh的脚本文件，如下所示：

nohup ./my_script.sh &>/dev/null & echo "Script started in background" && sleep 10s && echo "Script finished" && ps aux | grep my_script.sh > /dev/null && echo "Script killed" || echo "Error killing script" && exit 1; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $?; exit $Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$Qexit$; echo "All done!"; sleep 10s && clear && echo "Restarting the system in 10 seconds…" && sleep 10s && reboot && echo "Rebooting the system now!"; return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return 0 && return Qexit$; echo "System restarted successfully!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been restarted after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted again after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted again after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the third time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the third time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the fourth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the fourth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the fifth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the fifth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the sixth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the sixth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the seventh time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the seventh time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the eighth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the eighth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the ninth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the ninth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; reboot –initiate-reboot >&2 echo "The system will be rebooted for the tenth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been rebooted for the tenth time after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; echo "Goodbye!"; shutdown –now >&2 echo "System has been shut down now!"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 echo "The system has been shut down now after $(($SECONDS+6)) seconds!"; clear >&2 echo "Clearing screen and resetting terminal settings…"; sleep $(($SECONDS+6))s >&2 clear >&2 echo "All done!"; read Qquit <&EOF || true read Qreset <&EOF || true read Qrestart <&EOF || true read Qshutdown <&EOF || true read Q