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如何获取Linux机器的信息？

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行业动态
2024-11-21
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Linux 机器信息包括操作系统版本、内核版本、CPU 型号、内存大小、磁盘空间和网络配置等。

Linux 机器信息详解

在 Linux 操作系统中，获取机器的硬件和软件信息对于系统管理员和用户来说至关重要，本文将详细介绍如何通过命令行工具获取 Linux 机器的各种信息，包括 CPU、内存、硬盘、网络接口等关键部件的信息，以下是一些常用的方法和命令：

查看系统信息

uname -a

显示系统名称、节点名称、操作系统发行版号、操作系统版本和运行系统的机器 ID 号。

uname -a

输出示例：

Linux hostname 5.4.0-42-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 10 00:24:02 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

lsb_release -a

显示操作系统的详细信息。

lsb_release -a

输出示例：

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
Release:        20.04
Codename:       focal

查看 CPU 信息

lscpu

显示 CPU 架构、型号、核心数、线程数等信息。

lscpu

输出示例：

Architecture:        x86_64
CPU(s):              4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core:  2
Core(s) per socket:  2
Socket(s):           1
Vendor ID:           GenuineIntel
CPU family:          6
Model:               158
Model name:          Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz
Stepping:            9
CPU MHz:             2808.000
BogoMIPS:            5616.00
Virtualization:      VT-x
L1d cache:           32K
L1i cache:           32K
L2 cache:            256K
L3 cache:            6144K
NUMA node(s):        1
...

cat /proc/cpuinfo

显示每个 CPU 的详细信息。

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name" | head -n 1

输出示例：

model name  : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700HQ CPU @ 2.80GHz

查看内存信息

free -m

显示内存使用情况，包括已用内存、可用内存和交换空间。

free -m

输出示例：

 total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           7979        1126        6431         159        419        6551
Swap:          2047           0        2047

cat /proc/meminfo

显示详细的内存使用情况。

cat /proc/meminfo | grep MemTotal

输出示例：

MemTotal:       32941268 kB

查看硬盘信息

lsblk

列出块设备信息，如硬盘、固态硬盘和闪存驱动器等。

lsblk

输出示例：

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0   1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0  9.3G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda3   8:3    0 74.5G  0 part /
├─sda4   8:4    0   1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0 111.8G  0 part /home

df -h

显示磁盘分区大小、已用空间和可用空间。

df -h

输出示例：

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev            2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev
tmpfs           396M  1.4M  395M   1% /run
/dev/sda3       74G   20G   50G  28% /
tmpfs           2.0G   28M  2.0G   2% /dev/shm
tmpfs           2.0G   44M  2.0G   3% /run/user/1000

fdisk -l

显示硬盘和分区的详细信息。

sudo fdisk -l

输出示例：

Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 40 GiB disk
...
Device Boot Start End Blocks Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 *        2048 2148351 1073152+ 512 536870912 1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda2        2148352 22464959 5120000 512 5120000 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3        22464960 297389183 752161264 512 374.5G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda4        297389184 489619391 1922304064 512 932.5G Linux LVM
/dev/sda5        297389186 412305407 1149162242 512 555.5G Linux filesystem

查看网络接口信息

ifconfig 或ip addr

显示网络接口信息，如 IP 地址、MAC 地址、网关等。

ifconfig -a

输出示例：

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST>RUNNING>MULTICAST>PROMISC>MASTER>SLAVE>DYNAMIC>
    ... state UP ...
    ... inet 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 ...
    ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f ...
    ... inet6 fe80::baff:caff:fe17:b38f ... scope link ...
lo: flags=73<UPLOOPBACK;RUNNING> mtu 65536 ... inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 ... loop  back inet6 ... ...

或者：

ip addr show

输出示例：

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 ... inet 192.168.1.100/24 brd ... promisc ... state DOWN qlen 100 ... up ... qlen 1000 ... state UNKNOWN qlen 100 ... 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到此，以上就是小编对于“linux 机器信息”的问题就介绍到这了，希望介绍的几点解答对大家有用，有任何问题和不懂的，欢迎各位朋友在评论区讨论，给我留言。