linux怎么挂载u盘c语言

在Linux系统中，挂载U盘是一个常见的操作，通过挂载U盘，我们可以方便地访问U盘中的文件和目录，本文将详细介绍如何在Linux系统中使用C语言编写程序来挂载U盘。

我们需要了解挂载的基本概念，挂载是将一个文件系统连接到一个已存在的目录，使得该目录可以访问到文件系统中的内容，在Linux系统中，挂载点是一个已存在的目录，而设备则是需要挂载的文件系统所在的设备，如U盘、硬盘分区等。

接下来，我们将分步骤介绍如何使用C语言编写程序来挂载U盘。

1、打开设备文件

在Linux系统中，每个设备都有一个对应的设备文件，对于U盘，设备文件通常位于/dev目录下，如/dev/sdb1，我们可以通过打开设备文件来访问设备，在C语言中，可以使用open()函数来打开设备文件。

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdrom.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
    int fd;
    char *device = "/dev/sdb1"; // U盘设备文件
    // 打开设备文件
    fd = open(device, O_RDONLY);
    if (fd == 1) {
        perror("open");
        exit(1);
    }
    // 后续操作...
}

2、获取设备信息

在打开设备文件后，我们需要获取设备的相关信息，如设备类型、块大小等，这些信息可以通过ioctl()函数和CDROM_GET_CAPABILITIES结构体来获取。

#include <linux/cdrom.h>
#include <linux/scsi/scsi.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main() {
    int fd;
    char *device = "/dev/sdb1"; // U盘设备文件
    struct cdrom_capabilities cap;
    int result;
    // 打开设备文件
    fd = open(device, O_RDONLY);
    if (fd == 1) {
        perror("open");
        exit(1);
    }
    // 获取设备信息
    result = ioctl(fd, CDROM_GET_CAPABILITIES, &cap);
    if (result == 1) {
        perror("ioctl");
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("Device type: %d
", cap.cdrom_capability);
    printf("Block size: %d
", cap.block_size);
    printf("Number of blocks: %lld
", (long long)cap.num_blocks);
    printf("Vendor info: %s
", cap.vendor);
    printf("Product info: %s
", cap.product);
    printf("Revision: %d
", cap.revision);
    printf("Supported commands: %x
", cap.supported_commands);
    printf("Supported LBA: %d
", cap.max_lbap);
    printf("Supported multisession: %d
", cap.multisession);
    printf("Supported audio CD: %d
", cap.audio_support);
    printf("Supported data CD: %d
", cap.data_support);
    printf("Supported photo CD: %d
", cap.photo_support);
    printf("Supported enhanced CD: %d
", cap.enhanced_cd);
    printf("Supported packet writing: %d
", cap.packet_writing);
    printf("Supported write once: %d
", cap.writeonce);
    printf("Supported read only: %d
", cap.readonly);
    printf("Supported random access: %d
", cap.random_access);
    printf("Supported CDTEXT: %d
", cap.cdtext_support);
    printf("Supported ReadtoGo: %d
", cap.cdrw_formats);
    printf("Supported WritetoGo: %d
", cap.cdrw_speeds);
    printf("Supported MultiRead: %d
", cap.multiread);
    printf("Supported Extra Speed: %d
", cap.extra_speed);
    printf("Supported RW Capabilities: %x
", cap.rwcapabilities);
    printf("Supported Packet Writing Version: %d
", cap.packet_writing_version);
    printf("Supported Max Audio Blocks per sector: %d
", cap.max_audio_blocks_per_sector);
    printf("Supported Min Blocks per sector for formatted media: %d
", cap.min_blocks_per_sector_for_formatted_media);
    printf("Supported Max Blocks per sector for formatted media: %d
", cap.max_blocks_per_sector_for_formatted_media);
    printf("Supported Max Sectors per track for formatted media: %d
", cap.max_sectors_per_track_for_formatted_media);
    printf("Supported Max Tracks per zone for formatted media: %d
", cap.max_tracks_per_zone_for_formatted_media);
    printf("Supported Min Tracks per zone for formatted media: %d
", cap.min_tracks_per_zone_for_formatted_media);
    printf("Supported Max Transfer Rate in bytes per second for formatted media: %llu
", (unsigned long long)cap.max_transfer_rate_inbytesps);
    printf("Supported Max Transfer Rate in frames per second for formatted media: %llu
", (unsigned long long)cap.max_transfer_rate_inframespsfm);
    printf("Supported Interrupt Type: %d
", cap.interrupt_type);
}

3、挂载U盘分区

在获取设备信息后，我们需要为U盘分区创建一个挂载点，挂载点是一个已存在的目录，用于访问设备上的内容，在Linux系统中，可以使用mkmountpoint()函数创建挂载点，使用mount()函数将U盘分区挂载到挂载点上，注意，这里需要使用MOUNT命令来加载U盘分区的内核模块，在C语言中，可以使用system()函数来执行MOUNT命令，使用mount()函数将U盘分区挂载到挂载点上，需要注意的是，这里的挂载选项可能需要根据实际情况进行调整，如果U盘分区是FAT32格式的，那么挂载选项可以为"vfat"；如果是NTFS格式的，那么挂载选项可以为"ntfs"，还可以根据需要添加其他挂载选项，如读写权限等，以下是一个示例代码：

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/cdrom.h>
#include <linux/scsi/scsi.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h> // mountpoint() and mknod() functions need this header file to work properly on Linux systems with glibc version 2.2 or later versions of the kernel (2.6 or later). If you are using an older version of the kernel, then you may not need this header file at all because it might already be included in another header file that is being included by your program before this one (e).g /usr/src/linux/fs/dcache.c includes sys/stat directly without including any other header files first). Replace "vfat" with the appropriate file system type if necessary (e).g "ntfs"). int main() { char *device = "/dev/sdb1"; // U盘设备文件 char *mountpoint = "/mnt/usb"; // U盘分区的挂载点 mode_t mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO; // rwx permissions for owner, group and others if (mkdir(mountpoint, mode) == 1) { perror("mkdir"); exit(1); } if (mountpoint("/dev/sdb1", mountpoint