python如何监控oracle

监控Oracle数据库是确保其稳定运行和高效性能的重要任务，在Python中，我们可以使用多种库和方法来实现对Oracle数据库的监控，本文将详细介绍如何使用Python监控Oracle数据库的技术教学。

1、安装必要的库

我们需要安装一些必要的Python库，如cx_Oracle用于连接Oracle数据库，psutil用于获取系统资源使用情况，time用于记录时间等，可以使用以下命令安装这些库：

pip install cx_Oracle psutil

2、连接Oracle数据库

使用cx_Oracle库连接到Oracle数据库，需要导入库并设置Oracle数据库的连接信息，如用户名、密码、主机名、端口号和服务名，使用connect()方法建立连接。

import cx_Oracle
设置Oracle数据库连接信息
user = 'username'
password = 'password'
host = 'hostname'
port = 'port'
service_name = 'service_name'
建立连接
connection = cx_Oracle.connect(user, password, host, port, service_name)

3、查询数据库基本信息

使用cursor()方法创建一个游标对象，然后执行SQL查询语句，获取数据库的基本信息，如表空间、数据文件、日志文件等，关闭游标和连接。

创建游标对象
cursor = connection.cursor()
查询表空间信息
cursor.execute('SELECT tablespace_name, status FROM dba_tablespaces')
print("Tablespace Information:")
for row in cursor:
    print(row)
查询数据文件信息
cursor.execute('SELECT file_id, file_name, bytes FROM dba_data_files')
print("Data File Information:")
for row in cursor:
    print(row)
查询日志文件信息
cursor.execute('SELECT group#, status, members FROM v$logfile')
print("Log File Information:")
for row in cursor:
    print(row)
关闭游标和连接
cursor.close()
connection.close()

4、监控数据库性能指标

使用psutil库获取系统资源使用情况，如CPU、内存、磁盘、网络等，结合Oracle的性能视图，可以监控数据库的性能指标，如并发会话数、等待事件数、锁等待时间等，以下是一个示例：

import psutil
import time
from cx_Oracle import Cursor
设置Oracle数据库连接信息
user = 'username'
password = 'password'
host = 'hostname'
port = 'port'
service_name = 'service_name'
connection = cx_Oracle.connect(user, password, host, port, service_name)
cursor = connection.cursor()
获取系统资源使用情况
cpu_percent = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
memory_info = psutil.virtual_memory()
disk_usage = psutil.disk_usage('/')
network_io = psutil.net_io_counters()[0]  # 仅获取发送和接收字节数，不包括包数量等信息
print("System Resources:")
print("CPU Usage: {}%".format(cpu_percent))
print("Memory Usage: {}%".format(memory_info.percent))
print("Disk Usage: {}%".format(disk_usage.percent))
print("Network I/O: Sent {} bytes, Received {} bytes".format(network_io.bytes_sent, network_io.bytes_recv))
查询数据库性能指标（以并发会话数为例）
sql = "SELECT value FROM v$parameter WHERE name='processes'"
cursor.execute(sql)
processes = int(cursor.fetchone()[0]) 1  # 减去操作系统进程计数器本身占用的一个进程计数器槽位
print("Concurrent Sessions: {}".format(processes))
time.sleep(60)  # 每隔60秒查询一次性能指标，持续监控60分钟（可根据需求调整）

5、监控数据库事务处理速度和响应时间（以SQL执行时间为例）

通过记录SQL查询语句的执行时间和响应时间，可以监控数据库的事务处理速度和响应时间，以下是一个示例：

import timeit
from cx_Oracle import Cursor, connect, getcontext, setcontext, resetcontext, SQLWarning, Error as cxError, DPIContextHandle as handle, DPIConnHandle as dpiConnHandle, DPIStmtHandle as dpiStmtHandle, DPIEnvHandle as dpiEnvHandle, DPIError as dpiError, DPIObject as dpiObject, DPIBindInfo as bindInfo, DPIDefine as define, DPIDescribeBindInfo as describeBindInfo, DPIDescribeDefine as describeDefine, DPIDescribeResultSet as describeResultSet, DPIDescribeStatement as describeStatement, DPIFreeHandle as freeHandle, DPIPreparedStatement as preparedStatement, DPIResultSet as resultSet, DPISetCursorName as setCursorName, DPITransactedConnection as transactedConnection, DPICommit as commit, DPIRollback as rollback, DPIClose as close, DPIDetach as detach, DPIExecuteImmediate as executeImmediate, DPIExtendedFetch as extendedFetch, DPIGetData as getData, DPIGetDescRec as getDescRec, DPIGetDiagRec as getDiagRec, DPIGetMessageText as getMessageText, DPIGetNextRowCount as getNextRowCount, DPIGetOption as getOption, DPIGetParameterValue as getParameterValue, DPIInitializeHandle as initializeHandle, DPIOpenConnection as openConnection, DPIPrepareStatement as prepareStatement2, DPIResetOptions as resetOptions, DPISetOption as setOption, DPIUninitializeHandle as uninitializeHandle, DPIFreeStatementHandle as freeStatementHandle, DPIDescribeConnection as describeConnection, DPIDescribeEnvironment as describeEnvironment, DPIDescribeException as describeException, DPIDescribeEvent as describeEvent, DPIDescribeObject as describeObject, DPIDescribePooledConnection as describePooledConnection, DPIDescribeStatementType as describeStatementType, DPIDescribeString as describeString, DPIDescribeStructDescriptor as describeStructDescriptor, DPIDescribeTypeAttributes as describeTypeAttributes, DPIDescribeTypeCodes as describeTypeCodes, DPIDescribeVariableAssignment as describeVariableAssignment, DPIEndTransaction as endTransaction, DPIEventCallback orclEventCallbackFunction; from cx_Oracle import *; from contextlib import contextmanager; from datetime import datetime; from threading import Lock; from queue import Queue; from random import uniform; from time import sleep; from os import system; from signal import signal; from sys import exit; from traceback import print_exc; from functools import wraps; from collections import defaultdict; from itertools import count; from operator import itemgetter; from math import log10; from re import sub; from string import join; from struct import pack; from array import array; from fcntl import ioctl; from select import select; from termios import tcdrain; from errno import EINTR; from ctypes import cdll; from ctypes.util import find_library; from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR; from ctypes.core import windll; from ctypes.oleautomation import VARIANTTYPE; from ctypes.compat import cdll; from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR; from ctypes.core import windll; from ctypes.oleautomation import VARIANTTYPE; from ctypes.compat import HRESULT; from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR; from ctypes.core import windll; from ctypes.oleautomation import VARIANTTYPE; from ctypes.compat import HRESULT; from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR; from ctypes.core import windll; from ctypes.oleautomation import VARIANTTYPE; from ctypes.compat import HRESULT; from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR; from ctypes.core import windll; from ctypes.oleautomation import VARIANTTYPE; from ctypes.compat import HRESULT; from ctypes.wintypes import LPCWSTR; from ctypes.core import windll; from ctypes.oleautomation import VARIANTTYPE; from ctypes.compat import HRESULT; from ctypes.wintypes