使用bash完成Oracle数据库管理

Oracle数据库是一种广泛使用的关系型数据库管理系统，它具有强大的数据处理能力和丰富的功能，在Linux系统中，我们可以使用bash来完成Oracle数据库的管理，本文将详细介绍如何使用bash完成Oracle数据库的安装、启动、关闭、备份和恢复等操作。

1、安装Oracle数据库

在安装Oracle数据库之前，我们需要先安装一些依赖包，如unzip、tar等，可以使用以下命令进行安装：

sudo yum install y unzip tar

接下来，我们需要下载Oracle数据库的安装包，可以从Oracle官网下载对应版本的安装包，然后使用unzip命令解压：

wget http://download.oracle.com/otnpub/java/jdk/8u201b09/42970487e3af4f5aa5bca3f542482c60/jdk8u201linuxx64.tar.gz
sudo tar zxvf jdk8u201linuxx64.tar.gz C /usr/local

创建Oracle用户和组：

sudo groupadd oinstall
sudo groupadd dba
sudo useradd g oinstall G dba oracle
sudo passwd oracle

设置环境变量：

echo 'export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle' >> ~oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1' >> ~oracle/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH' >> ~oracle/.bash_profile
source ~oracle/.bash_profile

创建Oracle基目录：

sudo mkdir p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata $ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
sudo chown R oracle:oinstall $ORACLE_BASE
sudo chmod R 775 $ORACLE_BASE

运行安装程序：

cd $ORACLE_BASE/database
sudo ./runInstaller silent responseFile /tmp/db_install.rsp ignorePrereq waitforcompletion force ignoreSysPrereqs ignoreInternalDriverErrors ignoreOsPrereqs ignoreVersionCheck noconfig platform Linux x86_64

2、启动Oracle数据库

使用以下命令启动Oracle数据库：

sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
startup;
exit;
EOF

3、关闭Oracle数据库

使用以下命令关闭Oracle数据库：

sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
shutdown immediate;
exit;
EOF

4、备份Oracle数据库

使用以下命令备份Oracle数据库：

expdp system/password@orcl directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=backup.dmp logfile=backup.log content=metadata_only;

system/password@orcl是用户名和密码，DATA_PUMP_DIR是数据泵目录，backup.dmp是备份文件名，backup.log是日志文件名。content=metadata_only表示只备份元数据，如果需要备份数据，可以将该参数改为content=all。

5、恢复Oracle数据库

创建一个目录用于存放恢复文件：

mkdir p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/recovery_area/orcl/datafiles/users/system/packages/scripts/triggers/views/materialized_viewlogs/sequences/schemas/tablespaces/indexes/clusters/consensus/*redo*/**/*archive*/**/*controlfile*/**/*spfile*/**/*password*/**/*audit*/**/*log*/**/*alert*/**/*trace*/**/*flashback_transactions_*/**/*flashback_archive_*/**/*rman*/**/*sqlnet*/**/*dbfs*/**/*xmltype*/**/*type*/**/*directory*/**/*job*/**/*queue*/**/*public*/**/*role*/**/*synonyms*/**/*trigger*/**/*constraint*/**/*grant*/**/*privilege*/**/*role_mapping*/**/*object_permissions*/**/*audit_trail*/**/*plsql_warnings*/**/*dbms_output*/**/*dbms_pipe*/**/*dbms_random*/**/*dbms_lock*/**/*dbms_stats*/**/*dbms_xmlparser*/**/*dbms_java*/**/*dbms_streams*/**/*dbms_tti*/**/*dbms_assertion*/**/*dbms_error*/**/*dbms_dynaws*/**/*dbms_javafxpackageaccess*/**/*dbms_javaxsecurityproviderauthenticationspi*/ *.dbf *.ctl *.log *.dmp *.par *.rcv *.sql *.txt *.bak *.jar *.doc *.docx *.pdf *.ppt *.pptx *.xls *.xlsx *.class *.properties *.cfg *.sh *.bat *.plb *.pkb *.pks *.pksx *.plsql *.plsqlblock *.plsqlsource *.plsqlpackage *.plsqlfunction *.plsqlprocedure *.plsqltrigger *.plsqltype *.plsqltable *.plsqlview *.plsqlpackagebody *.plsqlpackagespec *.plsqloverviewercache *.mv */;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    expdp system/password@orcl directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=backup.dmp logfile=recovery.log remap_schema=orcl:orcl remap_tablespace=orcl:orcl remap_datafile=orcl:orcl remap_password=orcl:orcl remap_dumpfile=orcl:orcl remap_logfile=orcl:orcl content=metadata_only;                                                                   expdp system/password@orcl directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=backup20190801.dmp logfile=recovery20190801.log remap_schema=orcl:orcl remap_tablespace=orcl:orcl remap_datafile=orcl:orcl remap_password=orcl:orcl remap_dumpfile=orcl:orcl remap_logfile=orcl:orcl content=metadata_only; exit;                                 expdp system/password@orcl directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=backup20190802.dmp logfile=recovery20190802.log remap_schema=orcl:orcl remap_tablespace=orcl:orcl remap_datafile=orcl:orcl remap_password=orcl:orcl remap_dumpfile=orcl:orcl remap_logfile=orcl:orcl content=metadata_only; exit;                                 expdp system/password@orcl directory=DATA_PUMP_DIR dumpfile=backup20190803.dmp logfile=recovery20190803.log remap_schema=orcl:orcl remap_tablespace=orcl:orcl remap_datafile=orcl:orcl remap_password=orcl:orcl remap_dumpfile=orcl:orcl remap_logfile=orcl:orcl content=metadata_only; exit;                                 expdp system/password@orcl directory=DATAPUMPDIR dumpfile=backup20190804.dmp logfile=recovery20190804.log remap_schema=orcl:orcl remap_tablespace=orcc: orlcc remap_datafile= orlcc: orlcc remap_password = orlcc: orlcc remap dir ectory = orlcc: orlcc content = all; exit;                                 rdbms / as sysdba <<EOF rman target / nocatalog startup mount; run {ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u01/app/oracle/ora