防火墙如何实现链路负载均衡？

防火墙做链路负载均衡

一、引言

随着互联网的快速发展，企业对网络连接的可靠性和性能提出了更高要求，链路负载均衡技术通过合理分配流量到多条链路上，提高了网络的整体性能和可靠性，本文将详细介绍如何在防火墙上配置链路负载均衡，具体涉及配置需求、实现效果、基本组网配置、安全策略配置、NQA探测组配置、链路组与链路配置、负载均衡行为匹配、负载均衡策略配置以及验证配置等方面。

二、配置需求及实现的效果

某公司申请了三条不同运营商的外网线路，需实现以下需求：

1、内网用户访问指定运营商链路：内网用户访问移动、联通、电信链路数据分别从相应链路转发。

2、财务部门特殊需求：财务部门经常访问网银等支付平台，不希望出口IP地址经常变化，指定财务数据从电信转发，当电信流量负载达到带宽的90%后，后续流量负载到联通链路上。

三、基本组网配置

1. 外网接口配置

配置电信、联通、移动链路接口地址，并开启保存上一跳功能。

[H3C] interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 202.90.112.2 255.255.255.0
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip last-hop hold
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] nat outbound
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
[H3C] interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 14.204.0.2 255.255.255.0
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip last-hop hold
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] nat outbound
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
[H3C] interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] ip address 218.200.5.8 255.255.255.0
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] ip last-hop hold
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] nat outbound
[H3C-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit

2. 安全域及安全策略配置

将外网接口加入不信任区域，并创建对象策略pass。

[H3C] security-zone name Untrust
[H3C-security-zone-Untrust] import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
[H3C-security-zone-Untrust] import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
[H3C-security-zone-Untrust] import interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
[H3C-security-zone-Untrust] quit
[H3C] object-policy ip pass
[H3C-object-policy-ip-pass] rule 0 pass
[H3C-object-policy-ip-pass] quit
[H3C] zone-pair security source any destination any
[H3C-zone-pair-securityAny-Any] object-policy apply ip pass
[H3C-zone-pair-securityAny-Any] quit

四、NQA探测组配置

创建NQA探测组用于链路健康性检测。

[H3C] nqa template icmp nqa
[H3C-nqatplt-icmp-nqa] description test
[H3C-nqatplt-icmp-nqa] reaction trigger per-probe
[H3C-nqatplt-icmp-nqa] quit

五、链路组与链路配置

配置链路组和链路，引用NQA探测组。

[H3C] loadbalance link-group lg
[H3C-lb-lgroup-lg] proximity enable
[H3C-lb-lgroup-lg] transparent enable
[H3C-lb-lgroup-lg] quit
[H3C] loadbalance link link1
[H3C-lb-link-link1] router ip 10.1.1.2
[H3C-lb-link-link1] link-group lg
[H3C-lb-link-link1] probe t1
[H3C-lb-link-link1] quit
[H3C] loadbalance link link2
[H3C-lb-link-link2] router ip 20.1.1.2
[H3C-lb-link-link2] link-group lg
[H3C-lb-link-link2] probe t1
[H3C-lb-link-link2] quit

六、负载均衡行为匹配

配置负载均衡行为匹配各链路组。

[H3C] loadbalance behavior bh1
[H3C-lb-behavior-bh1] link-group lg
[H3C-lb-behavior-bh1] quit

七、负载均衡策略配置

配置负载均衡策略匹配运营商路由表。

[H3C] loadbalance policy pl1
[H3C-lb-policy-pl1] match route 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 behavior bh1
[H3C-lb-policy-pl1] match route 20.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 behavior bh1
[H3C-lb-policy-pl1] match route 30.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 behavior bh1
[H3C-lb-policy-pl1] quit

八、配置财务链路组及负载均衡行为

配置财务链路组及负载均衡行为，确保电信流量负载到90%后切换到联通链路。

[H3C] loadbalance link-group finance_lg
[H3C-lb-lgroup-finance_lg] proximity enable
[H3C-lb-lgroup-finance_lg] transparent enable
[H3C-lb-lgroup-finance_lg] quit
[H3C] loadbalance link finance_link1
[H3C-lb-link-finance_link1] router ip 202.90.112.1
[H3C-lb-link-finance_link1] link-group finance_lg
[H3C-lb-link-finance_link1] probe t1
[H3C-lb-link-finance_link1] quit
[H3C] loadbalance link finance_link2
[H3C-lb-link-finance_link2] router ip 14.204.0.1
[H3C-lb-link-finance_link2] link-group finance_lg
[H3C-lb-link-finance_link2] probe t1
[H3C-lb-link-finance_link2] quit
[H3C] loadbalance behavior finance_bh1
[H3C-lb-behavior-finance_bh1] link-group finance_lg
[H3C-lb-behavior-finance_bh1] quit

九、配置负载均衡策略匹配财务网段

[H3C] loadbalance policy finance_pl1
[H3C-lb-policy-finance_pl1] match route 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 behavior finance_bh1
[H3C-lb-policy-finance_pl1] quit

十、配置虚服务策略及保存配置

[H3C] service policy sp1 inbound
[H3C-service-policy-sp1] loadbalance policy pl1
[H3C-service-policy-sp1] loadbalance policy finance_pl1
[H3C-service-policy-sp1] quit

十一、配置验证

验证各链路的配置和负载均衡效果。

测试电信链路
display loadbalance link link1 state
测试联通链路
display loadbalance link link2 state
测试移动链路
display loadbalance link link3 state
测试财务链路
display loadbalance link finance_link1 state
display loadbalance link finance_link2 state

十二、归纳

通过以上步骤，成功在防火墙上实现了链路负载均衡，满足了企业对业务流量快速转发和链路冗余的需求，配置过程中，主要涉及基本组网配置、安全策略配置、NQA探测组配置、链路组与链路配置、负载均衡行为匹配、负载均衡策略配置以及配置验证等方面。

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