c数据网络传输demo

一、基于TCP协议的简单文件传输示例

服务器端代码（server.c）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define PORT 8080
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main() {
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int opt = 1;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
    char *hello = "Hello from server";
    // 创建套接字文件描述符
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        perror("socket failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    // 强制绑定套接字到端口8080
    if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt))) {
        perror("setsockopt");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    // 绑定套接字到地址
    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address))<0) {
        perror("bind failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
        perror("listen");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen))<0) {
        perror("accept");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    printf("Message from client: %s
", buffer);
    send(new_socket, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
    printf("Hello message sent
");
    close(new_socket);
    close(server_fd);
    return 0;
}

客户端代码（client.c）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#define PORT 8080
int main() {
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    int sock = 0;
    char *hello = "Hello from client";
    char buffer[1024] = {0};
    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        printf("
 Socket creation error 
");
        return -1;
    }
    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    // 将IPv4和IPv6地址从文本转换为二进制形式
    if(inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr)<=0) {
        printf("
Invalid address/ Address not supported 
");
        return -1;
    }
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
        printf("
Connection Failed 
");
        return -1;
    }
    send(sock, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
    printf("Hello message sent
");
    read(sock, buffer, 1024);
    printf("%s
",buffer );
    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

编译与运行

在终端中分别编译服务器和客户端代码：

对于服务器端：gcc server.c -o server

对于客户端：gcc client.c -o client

先启动服务器程序，再启动客户端程序，即可看到客户端发送消息给服务器，服务器接收后回复消息的过程。

二、基于UDP协议的简单数据传输示例

1. 服务器端代码（udp_server.c）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define PORT 8081
#define BUFFER_SIZE 1024
int main() {
    int sockfd;
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
    char *message = "Hello from UDP server";
    // 创建套接字文件描述符
    if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror("socket creation failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    memset(&cliaddr, 0, sizeof(cliaddr));
    // 填充服务器信息
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; // IPv4
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
    // 绑定套接字到地址
    if (bind(sockfd, (const struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0) {
        perror("bind failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    int len, n;
    len = sizeof(cliaddr); //len是地址的长度
    n = recvfrom(sockfd, (char *)buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, MSG_WAITALL, (struct sockaddr *) &cliaddr, &len);
    buffer[n] = '